需求和思路
在一般的小項(xiàng)目或者一個(gè)小軟件,例如客戶端之類的小程序中,可能會需要數(shù)據(jù)的持久化.但是使用一般的數(shù)據(jù)庫(Mysql)之類的不合適.使用sqlite3這種嵌入式的是個(gè)較好的方法,但是Go語言中sqlite3的庫是C語言的,Cgo不支持跨平臺編譯.正是由于這種需求,才想到使用json格式將數(shù)據(jù)直接保存在文件中.
具體的思路是怎么樣呢? 在Go語言中如果要將數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化成json格式的話,有兩種格式 struct 和 map. 如果同時(shí)需要增刪查改功能的話,將map作為中間格式是比較合適的.接下來我們就來實(shí)現(xiàn)它.
查詢操作
這種操作的實(shí)現(xiàn)比較簡單,直接將文件中的數(shù)據(jù)讀取出來,使用json庫反序列化就可以了. 代碼如下 :
type Product struct {
Name string `json:"name"`
Num int `json:"num"`
}
func findAll() {
ps := make([]Product, 0)
data, err := ioutil.ReadFile("./index.json")
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// 這里參數(shù)要指定為變量的地址
err = json.Unmarshal(data, ps)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
fmt.Println(ps)
}
添加操作
添加的實(shí)現(xiàn)實(shí)在查詢的基礎(chǔ)上的,我們需要先查詢文件中的數(shù)據(jù)庫,并轉(zhuǎn)化為map格式,再將struct也轉(zhuǎn)化為map格式(這里要使用反射),合并map,json序列化,最后保存在文件中.代碼如下:
func create() {
fields := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
p1 := Product{
Name: "Blog",
Num: 2,
}
_, _ = json.Marshal(p1)
// 讀取文件中的數(shù)據(jù),保存為map格式
data, _ := ioutil.ReadFile("./index.json")
err := json.Unmarshal(data, fields)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// 使用反射將struct轉(zhuǎn)化為map
tp := reflect.TypeOf(p1).Elem()
vp := reflect.ValueOf(p1).Elem()
field := make(map[string]interface{}, 0)
for i := 0; i tp.NumField(); i++ {
field1 := tp.Field(i)
field2 := vp.Field(i)
key := field1.Tag.Get("json")
field[key] = field2.Interface()
}
// 合并map
fields = append(fields, field)
// 寫入文件
out, _ := json.Marshal(fields)
_ = ioutil.WriteFile("./index.json", out, 0755)
}
條件查詢
思路: 將struct轉(zhuǎn)化為map,根據(jù)輸入的條件查詢.查詢的結(jié)果轉(zhuǎn)化為struct.代碼如下:
func FindOne() {
product := Product{}
p1 := Product{
Name: "John",
Num: 23,
}
// 使用反射將struct轉(zhuǎn)化為map
tp := reflect.TypeOf(p1).Elem()
vp := reflect.ValueOf(p1).Elem()
field := make(map[string]interface{}, 0)
for i := 0; i tp.NumField(); i++ {
field1 := tp.Field(i)
field2 := vp.Field(i)
key := field1.Tag.Get("json")
switch field2.Kind() {
case reflect.Int:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int))
case reflect.Int8:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int8))
case reflect.Int16:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int16))
case reflect.Int32:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int32))
case reflect.Int64:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int64))
case reflect.Uint:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint))
case reflect.Uint8:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint8))
case reflect.Uint16:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint16))
case reflect.Uint32:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint32))
case reflect.Uint64:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint64))
case reflect.Float32:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(float32))
case reflect.Float64:
field[key] = field2.Interface()
default:
field[key] = field2.Interface()
}
}
_, _ = json.Marshal(p1)
// 讀取文件中的數(shù)據(jù),保存為map格式
// 數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為map時(shí),數(shù)值類型的統(tǒng)一變成float64
data, _ := ioutil.ReadFile("./index.json")
fields := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
err := json.Unmarshal(data, fields)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// 查詢的條件
columns := []string{"name", "num"}
length := len(columns)
for _, item := range fields {
for i := 0; i length; i++ {
// 這里的比較需要改進(jìn)
if item[columns[i]] != field[columns[i]] {
break
}
if i == length-1 {
field = item
goto OVER
}
}
}
OVER:
fmt.Println(field)
out, _ := json.Marshal(field)
_ = json.Unmarshal(out, product)
fmt.Println(product)
}
修改操作
修改操作在查詢操作的基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn), 修改操作需要有一個(gè)id值,能確定元素的唯一性.代碼如下:
func Update() {
p1 := Product{
Id: "2bbec87025968879c3c9682abe3bf730",
Name: "John_e",
Num: 100,
}
// 使用反射將struct轉(zhuǎn)化為map
tp := reflect.TypeOf(p1).Elem()
vp := reflect.ValueOf(p1).Elem()
field := make(map[string]interface{}, 0)
for i := 0; i tp.NumField(); i++ {
field1 := tp.Field(i)
field2 := vp.Field(i)
key := field1.Tag.Get("json")
switch field2.Kind() {
case reflect.Int:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int))
case reflect.Int8:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int8))
case reflect.Int16:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int16))
case reflect.Int32:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int32))
case reflect.Int64:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int64))
case reflect.Uint:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint))
case reflect.Uint8:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint8))
case reflect.Uint16:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint16))
case reflect.Uint32:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint32))
case reflect.Uint64:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint64))
case reflect.Float32:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(float32))
case reflect.Float64:
field[key] = field2.Interface()
default:
field[key] = field2.Interface()
}
}
_, _ = json.Marshal(p1)
// 讀取文件中的數(shù)據(jù),保存為map格式
// 數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為map時(shí),數(shù)值類型的統(tǒng)一變成float64
data, _ := ioutil.ReadFile("./index.json")
fields := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
err := json.Unmarshal(data, fields)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
// 修改的條件
columns := []string{"name", "num"}
for _, v := range fields {
if v["_id"] == field["_id"] {
for _, col := range columns {
v[col] = field[col]
}
field = v
}
}
out, _ := json.MarshalIndent(fields, "", " ")
_ = ioutil.WriteFile("./index.json", out, 0755)
}
刪除操作
最后就是刪除操作了,這個(gè)比較思路簡單,輸入唯一的id值,刪除對應(yīng)的字段,再保存到文件就可以了.代碼如下:
func Delete() {
p1 := Product{
Id: "db43fa2d4f69cddce7494941cb36032b",
Name: "John_e",
Num: 100,
}
_, _ = json.Marshal(p1)
// 讀取文件中的數(shù)據(jù),保存為map格式
// 數(shù)據(jù)轉(zhuǎn)化為map時(shí),數(shù)值類型的統(tǒng)一變成float64
data, _ := ioutil.ReadFile("./index.json")
fields := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
err := json.Unmarshal(data, fields)
if err != nil {
log.Fatal(err)
}
length := len(fields)
for index, field := range fields {
if field["_id"] == p1.Id {
if index == length - 1 {
fields = fields[0:index]
} else {
fields = append(fields[0:index], fields[index+1:]...)
}
}
}
out, _ := json.MarshalIndent(fields, "", " ")
_ = ioutil.WriteFile("./index.json", out, 0755)
}
完整版
最后在附上完整版代碼:
package store
import (
"bytes"
"crypto/md5"
"encoding/json"
"errors"
"fmt"
"io/ioutil"
"os"
"path/filepath"
"reflect"
"strings"
"time"
)
type Store struct {
Dir string
}
func NewStore(dir string) (*Store, error) {
// .開頭的為相對路徑,補(bǔ)全為全路徑
if strings.HasPrefix(dir, ".") {
pwd, _ := os.Getwd()
dir = filepath.Join(pwd, dir)
}
store := Store{Dir: dir}
st, err := os.Stat(dir)
if err != nil {
err = os.Mkdir(dir, 0755)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
} else if st != nil !st.IsDir() {
return nil, errors.New("file already exists")
}
return store, nil
}
// 創(chuàng)建與結(jié)構(gòu)體對應(yīng)的json文件
func (s *Store) Sync(values ...interface{}) error {
for _, v := range values {
tb := parseTn(v)
if tb == "" {
return errors.New("does not find store")
}
_path := filepath.Join(s.Dir, tb)
_, err := os.Stat(_path)
if err != nil {
_ = ioutil.WriteFile(_path, []byte("[]"), 0755)
}
}
return nil
}
// 刪除所有
func (s *Store) Destroy() error {
return os.RemoveAll(s.Dir)
}
func (s *Store) FindAll(v interface{}) error {
_path, err := s.before(v)
if err != nil {
return err
}
out, err := s.readAll(_path)
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = json.Unmarshal(out, v)
return err
}
func (s *Store) FindOne(v interface{}, columns ...string) (interface{}, error) {
_path, err := s.before(v)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
data, err := s.readAll(_path)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
fields := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
err = json.Unmarshal(data, fields)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
m := structToMap(v)
length := len(columns)
for _, item := range fields {
for i := 0; i length; i++ {
// TODO 這里的比較需要改進(jìn)
if item[columns[i]] != m[columns[i]] {
break
}
if i == length-1 {
m = item
goto OVER
}
}
}
OVER:
err = mapToStruct(m, v)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return v, nil
}
func (s *Store) Create(v interface{}) error {
_path, err := s.before(v)
if err != nil {
return err
}
data, err := s.readAll(_path)
if err != nil {
return err
}
fields := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
err = json.Unmarshal(data, fields)
if err != nil {
return err
}
m := structToMap(v)
m["_id"] = randId()
fields = append(fields, m)
err = s.writeAll(_path, fields)
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = mapToStruct(m, v)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func (s *Store) Update(v interface{}, columns ...string) error {
_path, err := s.before(v)
if err != nil {
return err
}
data, err := s.readAll(_path)
if err != nil {
return err
}
fields := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
err = json.Unmarshal(data, fields)
if err != nil {
return err
}
m := structToMap(v)
for _, v := range fields {
if v["_id"] == m["_id"] {
for _, col := range columns {
v[col] = m[col]
}
m = v
}
}
err = s.writeAll(_path, fields)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func (s *Store) Delete(v interface{}) error {
_path, err := s.before(v)
if err != nil {
return err
}
data, err := s.readAll(_path)
if err != nil {
return err
}
fields := make([]map[string]interface{}, 0)
err = json.Unmarshal(data, fields)
if err != nil {
return err
}
m := structToMap(v)
length := len(fields)
for index, field := range fields {
if field["_id"] == m["_id"] {
if index == length-1 {
fields = fields[0:index]
} else {
fields = append(fields[0:index], fields[index+1:]...)
}
}
}
err = s.writeAll(_path, fields)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func (s *Store) Clean(v interface{}) error {
_path, err := s.before(v)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return os.Remove(_path)
}
func (s *Store) readAll(file string) ([]byte, error) {
out, err := ioutil.ReadFile(file)
if err != nil {
return nil, err
}
return out, nil
}
func (s *Store) writeAll(file string, v interface{}) error {
out, err := json.MarshalIndent(v, "", " ")
if err != nil {
return err
}
err = ioutil.WriteFile(file, out, 0755)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return nil
}
func (s *Store) before(v interface{}) (string, error) {
tb := parseTn(v)
if tb == "" {
return "", errors.New("invalid table name")
}
_path := filepath.Join(s.Dir, tb)
_, err := os.Stat(_path)
if err != nil {
return "", err
}
return _path, nil
}
func structToMap(v interface{}) map[string]interface{} {
tp := reflect.TypeOf(v).Elem()
vp := reflect.ValueOf(v).Elem()
field := make(map[string]interface{}, 0)
for i := 0; i tp.NumField(); i++ {
field1 := tp.Field(i)
field2 := vp.Field(i)
key := field1.Tag.Get("json")
field[key] = field2.Interface()
switch field2.Kind() {
case reflect.Int:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int))
case reflect.Int8:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int8))
case reflect.Int16:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int16))
case reflect.Int32:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int32))
case reflect.Int64:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(int64))
case reflect.Uint:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint))
case reflect.Uint8:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint8))
case reflect.Uint16:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint16))
case reflect.Uint32:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint32))
case reflect.Uint64:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(uint64))
case reflect.Float32:
field[key] = float64(field2.Interface().(float32))
case reflect.Float64:
field[key] = field2.Interface()
default:
field[key] = field2.Interface()
}
}
return field
}
func mapToStruct(m map[string]interface{}, v interface{}) error {
out, err := json.Marshal(m)
if err != nil {
return err
}
return json.Unmarshal(out, v)
}
func toSnake(s string) string {
out := bytes.Buffer{}
bName := []byte(s)
point := 0
for index, b := range bName {
// 非大寫,不需要轉(zhuǎn)化
if b 65 || b > 90 || index-point 2 {
out.WriteByte(b)
continue
}
// 首字符大寫,直接轉(zhuǎn)化為小寫
if index == 0 {
out.WriteByte(b + 32)
point = index
}
// 連續(xù)三個(gè)大寫,觸發(fā)轉(zhuǎn)化
if index-point >= 2 {
out.WriteByte(95)
out.WriteByte(b + 32)
point = index
}
}
return out.String()
}
func parseTn(v interface{}) string {
var name string
tp := reflect.TypeOf(v).Elem()
switch tp.Kind() {
case reflect.Ptr:
sp := strings.Split(tp.String(), ".")
name = sp[len(sp)-1]
case reflect.Slice:
sp := strings.Split(tp.String(), ".")
name = sp[len(sp)-1]
case reflect.Struct:
name = tp.Name()
}
name = toSnake(name)
return name + ".json"
}
func randId() string {
return fmt.Sprintf("%x", md5.Sum([]byte(time.Now().String())))
}
到此這篇關(guān)于golang使用json格式實(shí)現(xiàn)增刪查改的實(shí)現(xiàn)示例的文章就介紹到這了,更多相關(guān)golang json增刪查改內(nèi)容請搜索腳本之家以前的文章或繼續(xù)瀏覽下面的相關(guān)文章希望大家以后多多支持腳本之家!
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