多條sql執(zhí)行時(shí)如果在中間的語句出現(xiàn)錯(cuò)誤，后續(xù)會(huì)不會(huì)直接執(zhí)行，如何進(jìn)行設(shè)定，以及其他數(shù)據(jù)庫諸如Mysql是如何對(duì)應(yīng)的，這篇文章將會(huì)進(jìn)行簡單的整理和說明。
環(huán)境準(zhǔn)備
使用Oracle的精簡版創(chuàng)建docker方式的demo環(huán)境，詳細(xì)可參看：
- https://www.jb51.net/article/153533.htm
多行語句的正常執(zhí)行
對(duì)上篇文章創(chuàng)建的兩個(gè)字段的學(xué)生信息表，正常添加三條數(shù)據(jù)，詳細(xì)如下：
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE EOF
> desc student
> select * from student;
> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
> insert into student values (1002, 'liumiao');
> insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
> commit;
> select * from student;
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:08:35 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>
no rows selected
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL>
Commit complete.
SQL>
STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1001 liumiaocn
1002 liumiao
1003 michael
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#
多行語句中間出錯(cuò)時(shí)的缺省動(dòng)作
問題：
三行insert語句，如果中間的一行出錯(cuò)，缺省的狀況下第三行會(huì)不會(huì)被插入進(jìn)去？
我們將第二條insert語句的主鍵故意設(shè)定重復(fù)，然后進(jìn)行確認(rèn)第三條數(shù)據(jù)是否會(huì)進(jìn)行插入即可。
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE EOF
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > >
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:15:16 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>
2 rows deleted.
SQL>
no rows selected
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL>
STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1001 liumiaocn
1003 michael
SQL> SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#
結(jié)果非常清晰地表明是會(huì)繼續(xù)執(zhí)行的，在oracle中通過什么來對(duì)其進(jìn)行控制呢？
WHENEVER SQLERROR
答案很簡單，在oracle中通過WHENEVER SQLERROR來進(jìn)行控制。
WHENEVER SQLERROR {EXIT [SUCCESS | FAILURE | WARNING | n | variable | :BindVariable] [COMMIT | ROLLBACK] | CONTINUE [COMMIT | ROLLBACK | NONE]}
WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT
添加此行設(shè)定，即會(huì)在失敗的時(shí)候立即推出，接下來我們進(jìn)行確認(rèn)：
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE EOF
WHENEVER SQLERROR EXIT
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > > > > > >
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:27:15 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> SQL> Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>
2 rows deleted.
SQL>
no rows selected
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#
WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE
使用CONTINUE則和缺省方式下的行為一致，出錯(cuò)仍然繼續(xù)執(zhí)行
# sqlplus system/liumiao123@XE EOF
WHENEVER SQLERROR CONTINUE
desc student
delete from student;
select * from student;
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiaocn');
insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao');
insert into student values (1003, 'michael');
select * from student;
commit;> > > > > > > > >
> EOF
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.2.0 Production on Sun Oct 21 12:31:54 2018
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
SQL> SQL> Name Null? Type
----------------------------------------- -------- ----------------------------
STUID NOT NULL NUMBER(4)
STUNAME VARCHAR2(50)
SQL>
1 row deleted.
SQL>
no rows selected
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL> insert into student values (1001, 'liumiao')
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-00001: unique constraint (SYSTEM.SYS_C007024) violated
SQL>
1 row created.
SQL>
STUID STUNAME
---------- --------------------------------------------------
1001 liumiaocn
1003 michael
SQL>
Commit complete.
SQL> Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Express Edition Release 11.2.0.2.0 - 64bit Production
#
Mysql中類似的機(jī)制
mysql中使用source是否提供相關(guān)的類似機(jī)制的問題中，最終引入了Oracle此項(xiàng)功能在mysql中引入的建議，詳細(xì)請(qǐng)參看：
- https://bugs.mysql.com/bug.php?id=73177
所以目前這只是一個(gè)sqlplus端的強(qiáng)化功能，并非標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，不同數(shù)據(jù)庫需要確認(rèn)相應(yīng)的功能是否存在。
小結(jié)
Oracle中使用WHENEVER SQLERROR進(jìn)行出錯(cuò)控制是否繼續(xù)，本文給出的例子非常簡單，詳細(xì)功能的使用可根據(jù)文中列出的Usage進(jìn)行自行驗(yàn)證和探索。
總結(jié)
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